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LoopModeler carries out an entire loop modeling simulation, including the build, centroid, and fullatom steps described above. Each of these steps can be enabled, disabled, and otherwise configured. By default, nothing needs to be specified and a standard loop modeling simulation will be performed.
For the loop building step, the default algorithm makes 10K attempts to create an initial closed backbone using kinematic closure (KIC). For both refinement steps, the default algorithm uses a simulated annealing Monte Carlo algorithm with no score function ramping (ramping of the rama and repulsive terms can be enabled). In centroid mode, there are 5 annealing cycles, and in each the temperature drops from 2.0 to 1.0 over 20 steps times the length of the loop(s) being sampled. The Monte Carlo moves are KIC followed by gradient minimization. In fullatom mode, there are 5 annealing cycles, and in each the temperature drops from 1.5 to 0.5 over 20 steps times the length of the loop. The Monte Carlo moves are KIC followed by sidechain repacking (once every 20 moves) or rotamer trials (otherwise) followed by gradient minimization of both backbone and sidechain DOFs.
Note that LoopModeler is really just a wrapper around the movers described in the rest of this section. It's role is to provide sensible defaults and to make it easy to override some of those defaults without affecting others. If you're willing to manually specify the default parameters, you could run the exact same simulation by composing other movers. This approach would be more verbose, but in some ways it would also be more flexible.
<LoopModeler name="(&string)" config="('' &string)" loops_file="(&string)" fast="(no &bool)"
scorefxn_cen="(&string)" scorefxn_fa="(&string)" task_operations="(&string)" auto_refine="(yes &bool)" loophash_perturb_sequence="(false &bool)" loophash_seqposes_no_mutate="('' &string)">
<Loop start="(&int)" stop="(&int)" cut="(&int)" skip_rate="(0.0 &real)" rebuild="(no &bool)"/>
<(Any LoopMover tags)/>...
<Build skip="(no &bool)" (any LoopBuilder option or subtag)/>
<Centroid skip="(no &bool)" (any LoopProtocol option or subtag)/>
<Fullatom skip="(no &bool)" (any LoopProtocol option or subtag)/>
</LoopModeler>Options:
config: Set the base configuration to use. The base configurations provide
default values for every parameter of the simulation, but in practice they
mostly differ in how they configure the local backbone move used in the
refinement steps. Currently, this option must be either "kic", "kic_with_frags"
or "loophash_kic". "kic" is the default and carries out the algorithm as
described above. "kic_with_frags" is similar to "kic", but uses fragments
instead of Ramachandran samples to make backbone moves. "loophash_kic" uses loophash
to find an existing fragment that can approximately close the gap and use it
as a guess for the kinematic closure. If you use "kic_with_frags", you must
also specify fragment files on the command line using the -loops:frag_sizes
and -loops:frag_files options. If you use "loophash_kic", you must also specify
the path to the loophash database with the command line option -lh:db_path and
the sizes of loophash fragments with the command line option -lh:loopsizes. You can
use multiple loophash fragment sizes, but the minimum size is 6 and the maximum
size is 2 + (length of the loop to be modeled).
loops_file: The path to a loops file specifying which regions of backbone to model. Note that this option will be silently ignored if one or more Loop subtags are given. Cut points may need to be provided in the loops file or loop subtags for initialization, but this will be overridden during the simulation.
fast: If enabled, the simulation will use a severely reduced number of cycles. Only meant to be used for debugging.
scorefxn_cen: The score function to use for the centroid refinement step.
scorefxn_fa: The score function to use for the fullatom refinement step.
task_operations: The task operation(s) to use for sidechain packing in the fullatom refinement step. By default, all residues within 10A of the loop will be packed. If you specify your own task operations, only the residues you specify will be packed or designed, so you are responsible for choosing a reasonable packing shell.
auto_refine: By default, both the centroid and fullatom steps automatically run a refinement move after each backbone move. In centroid mode, the refinement move is just gradient minimization. In fullatom mode, the refinement move is sidechain repacking/rotamer trials followed by gradient minimization. These automatic refinement moves are normally convenient, because they allow you to change the real sampling move (e.g. KIC, CCD, backrub, etc.) without having to worry about things loop modeling normally does behind the scenes. But if you may want to manually specify your own refinement moves, you have to disable auto_refine. Also note that this option can be specified either for the whole LoopModeler or individually in the Centroid or Fullatom subtags.
loophash_perturb_sequence: If set to true, the sequence of the fragment from loophash will replace the loop sequence.
loophash_seqposes_no_mutate: Sequence positions that should not be mutated by LoopHashKIC.
Subtags:
Loop: Specify a loop to model. This tag may be specified multiple times to sample multiple loops. The skip rate controls how often that loop is skipped when picking a random loop to sample. The rebuild flag controls whether or not the build step is skipped for that loop. These are the same fields that can be specified in a loops file.
Any LoopMover: LoopMover subtags given within a LoopModeler tag control the
local backbone Monte Carlo moves used in the centroid and fullatom refinement
stages. For example, this could be used to use backrub instead of KIC in an
otherwise default loop modeling simulation. The technical definition of a
LoopMover is anything in C++ that inherits from LoopMover, but the practical
definition is any Mover described on this page. You may specify LoopMover
tags before, after and/or within the Centroid and Fullatom tags. If you
specify more than one LoopMover, they will be executed in the order given.
If you specify a LoopMover within the Centroid or Fullatom tags, it will only
apply to that mode.
Build: Configure the build step. If "skip" is enabled, none of the loops will be rebuilt. You may also provide this tag with any option or subtag that would be understood by LoopBuilder.
Centroid: Configure the centroid refinement step. If "skip" is enabled, this step will be skipped. You may also provide this tag with any option or subtag that would be understood by LoopProtocol. This includes options to control how many moves to make and how annealing should work.
Fullatom: Configure the fullatom refinement step. If "skip" is enabled, this step will be skipped. You may also provide this tag with any option or subtag that would be understood by LoopProtocol. This includes options to control how many moves to make and how annealing should work.
Examples:
Run the standard loop modeling algorithm described at the top of this section:
<LoopModeler name="modeler"/>Use a fragment library to sample loop conformations:
<LoopModeler name="modeler" config="kic_with_frags"/>Use loop hash to sample loop conformations as well as the loop sequence:
<LoopModeler name="modeler" config="loophash_kic" loophash_perturb_sequence="true" loophash_seqposes_no_mutate="17,32,69" />Run a quick test simulation with a vastly reduced number of iterations:
<LoopModeler name="modeler" fast="yes"/>Generate a backbone ensemble by skipping the initial build step:
<LoopModeler name="modeler">
<Build skip="yes"/>
</LoopModeler>Caveats:
Only canonical protein backbones can be modeled by LoopModeler. Noncanonical polymers and ligands can be present in the pose; they just can't be part of the regions being modeled.
LoopModeler ignores the fold tree in the input pose and creates its own based on the needs of the backbone moves that will be carried out. The original fold tree is restored just before LoopModeler returns.